OMICS International Conferences invites all the participants from all over the world to attend “15^th Annual Conference on HIV Vaccines & Therapeutics” which will be held during December 08-09, 2016 in Philadelphia, USA which includes Prompt Keynote presentations, Oral talks, Poster presentations and Exhibitions. The Theme of the conference is "Current Research Advancements and Challenges in the manufacture and production of  HIV Vaccines".

HIV Vaccines 2016 hosting presentations from Global Leaders in the field across the Globe and bringing together vaccine stakeholders including academic researchers, public health clinicians, vaccine policy makers, corporate and vaccine manufacturers. There will be opportunities for those selected to present at the meeting to also publish a manuscripts and abstracts from their talk in the Journal of Vaccines and Vaccination. OMICS International organizes 1000+ Conferences every year across USA, Europe & Asia with support from 1000 more scientific Societies and Publishes 700+ Open Access Journals which contains over 50000 eminent personalities, reputed scientists as editorial board members.

Track 1: Preventive HIV Vaccines:

Preventive HIV vaccines are designed to protect HIV negative people from becoming infected or getting sick. Although there is currently no vaccine to prevent HIV, researchers are developing and testing potential HIV vaccines. The goal is to develop a vaccine that can protect people from HIV infection, or at least lessen the chance of getting HIV or AIDS should a person be exposed to the virus.

When your body encounters a microorganism, your immune system mounts an attack on the invader. After the microorganism is defeated, your immune system continues to "remember" how to quickly beat the invader should it try to infect you again. A vaccine is designed to resemble a real microorganism. The vaccine trains your immune system to recognize and attack the real microorganism should you ever encounter it. If you've received an effective vaccine, your immune system will "remember" how to quickly attack and defeat a particular microorganism for many years.

Related Conferences:

15th Annual Conference on HIV Vaccines & Therapeutics, December 08-09, 2016 Philadelphia, USA; Vaccines conferences, June 16-18, 2016, Rome, Italy; Annual Conference on H1N1 & Influenza Vaccines, July 25-26, 2016, USA; 12th Global Vaccines & Vaccination Summit and Expo, Oct 20-22, 2016, UAE; 11th Global Summit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, Sept 12-14, 2016, USA;  HIV Vaccines (X8), USA; HIV Persistence: Pathogenesis and Eradication (X7), USA; American Conference for the Treatment of HIV, USA; The 20th International AIDS Conference, Australia; 2015 National HIV Prevention Conference, USA

Track 2: Therapeutic HIV vaccines:

A therapeutic HIV vaccine (also known as a treatment vaccine) is a vaccine used in the treatment of an HIV infected person. Therapeutic HIV vaccines are designed to boost the body's immune response to HIV in order to better control the infection.

Currently, there are no therapeutic HIV vaccines approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). However, therapeutic HIV vaccines are being tested in clinical trials to find out if they are safe and effective in treating people with HIV. Researchers hope that if therapeutic vaccines are able to strengthen the body's natural anti-HIV immune response, people with HIV will not have to rely exclusively on the antiretroviral drugs now used to treat HIV infection. Currently, anti-retroviral drugs must be taken for life, and some cause serious side effects.

All experimental therapeutic HIV vaccines are in very early stages of research, and no therapeutic vaccine is anticipated to be available to the general public for many years, if at all.

Related Conferences:

11th Global Summit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, Sept 12-14, 2016, USA; Annual Conference on  HIV Vaccines & Therapeutics, December 08-09, 2016 Philadelphia, USA; Vaccines conferences, June 16-18, 2016, Rome, Italy; Annual Conference on H1N1 & Influenza Vaccines, July 25-26, 2016, USA; 12th Global Vaccines & Vaccination Summit and Expo, Oct 20-22, 2016, UAE; HIV Vaccines (X8), USA; HIV Persistence: Pathogenesis and Eradication (X7), USA; American Conference for the Treatment of HIV, USA; The 20th International AIDS Conference, Australia; 2015 National HIV Prevention Conference, USA

Track 3: Subunit vaccines:

A subunit vaccine presents an antigen to the immune system without introducing viral particles, whole or otherwise. One method of production involves isolation of a specific protein from a virus and administering this by itself.

Instead of the entire microbe, subunit vaccines include only the antigens that best stimulate the immune system. In some cases, these vaccines use epitopes—the very specific parts of the antigen that antibodies or T cells recognize and bind to. Because subunit vaccines contain only the essential antigens and not all the other molecules that make up the microbe, the chances of adverse drug reactions to the vaccine are lower.

Subunit vaccines can contain anywhere from 1 to 20 or more antigens. Of course, identifying which antigens best stimulate the immune system is a tricky, time-consuming process. Once scientists do that, however, they can make subunit vaccines in one of two ways:

• They can grow the microbes in the laboratory and then use chemicals to break it apart and gather the important antigens.
• They can manufacture the antigen molecules from the microbe using recombinant DNA technology. Vaccines produced this way are called “recombinant subunit vaccines.”

A recombinant subunit vaccine has been made for the hepatitis B virus. Scientists inserted hepatitis B genes that code for important antigens into common baker’s yeast. The yeast then produced the antigens, which the scientists collected and purified for use in the vaccine. Research is continuing on a recombinant subunit vaccine against hepatitis C virus.

Related Conferences:

Vaccines conferences, June 16-18, 2016, Rome, Italy; Annual Conference on  HIV Vaccines & Therapeutics, December 08-09, 2016 Philadelphia, USA;  Annual Conference on H1N1 & Influenza Vaccines, July 25-26, 2016, USA; 12th Global Vaccines & Vaccination Summit and Expo, Oct 20-22, 2016, UAE; 11th Global Summit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, Sept 12-14, 2016, USA;  HIV Vaccines (X8), USA; HIV Persistence: Pathogenesis and Eradication (X7), USA; American Conference for the Treatment of HIV, USA; The 20th International AIDS Conference, Australia; 2015 National HIV Prevention Conference, USA

Track 4: Recombinant vector vaccines:

Recombinant vector vaccines are experimental vaccines similar to DNA vaccines, but they use an attenuated virus or bacterium to introduce microbial DNA to cells of the body. “Vector” refers to the virus or bacterium used as the carrier.

In nature, viruses latch on to cells and inject their genetic material into them. In the lab, scientists have taken advantage of this process. They have figured out how to take the roomy genomes of certain harmless or attenuated viruses and insert portions of the genetic material from other microbes into them. The carrier viruses then ferry that microbial DNA to cells. Recombinant vector vaccines closely mimic a natural infection and therefore do a good job of stimulating the immune system.

Attenuated bacteria also can be used as vectors. In this case, the inserted genetic material causes the bacteria to display the antigens of other microbes on its surface. In effect, the harmless bacterium mimics a harmful microbe, provoking an immune response.

Researchers are working on both bacterial and viral-based recombinant vector vaccines for HIV, rabies, and measles.

Relevant Conferences: 

4^th HIV/AIDS, STDs, & STIs Conference, November 30-December 02, 2015, USA; 2^nd Infectious Diseases Conference, August 25-27, 2016, USA; 2^nd Influenza Conference, September 12-14, 2016, Germany; Infection Prevention and Control Conference, Aug 1-2, 2016, Germany; Annual Conference on  HIV Vaccines, December 08-09, 2016 Philadelphia, USA;  World STI & HIV 2015 Congress, Australia; 19th Annual United States Conference on AIDS, USA; 10th International Workshop on HIV Transmission – Principles of Intervention, USA; 5th Workshop on HCV Therapy Advances – New Antivirals in Clinical Practice, Netherlands; 18th Bangkok International Symposium on HIV Medicine, Thailand

Track 5: DNA vaccines:

DNA vaccination is a technique for protecting an animal against disease by injecting it with genetically engineered DNA so cells directly produce an antigen, resulting in a protective immunological response.

Still in the experimental stages, these vaccines show great promise, and several types are being tested in humans. DNA vaccines take immunization to a new technological level. These vaccines dispense with both the whole organism and its parts and get right down to the essentials: the microbe’s genetic material. In particular, DNA vaccines use the genes that code for those all-important antigens.

Researchers have found that when the genes for a microbe’s antigens are introduced into the body, some cells will take up that DNA. The DNA then instructs those cells to make the antigen molecules. The cells secrete the antigens and display them on their surfaces. In other words, the body’s own cells become vaccine-making factories, creating the antigens necessary to stimulate the immune system.

A DNA vaccine against a microbe would evoke a strong antibody response to the free-floating antigen secreted by cells, and the vaccine also would stimulate a strong cellular response against the microbial antigens displayed on cell surfaces. The DNA vaccine couldn’t cause the disease because it wouldn’t contain the microbe, just copies of a few of its genes. In addition, DNA vaccines are relatively easy and inexpensive to design and produce.

Relevant Conferences:

12th Global Vaccines & Vaccination Summit and Expo, Oct 20-22, 2016, UAE; Vaccines conferences, June 16-18, 2016, Rome, Italy; 15th Annual Conference on  HIV Vaccines, December 08-09, 2016 Philadelphia, USA;  Annual Conference on H1N1 & Influenza Vaccines, July 25-26, 2016, USA; 11th Global Summit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, Sept 12-14, 2016, USA; 18th Bangkok International Symposium on HIV Medicine, Thailand; HIV Persistence: Pathogenesis and Eradication (X7), USA; American Conference for the Treatment of HIV, USA; The 20th International AIDS Conference, Australia; 2015 National HIV Prevention Conference, USA

Track 6: HIV Vaccines Trials:

Vaccines are evaluated through a series of clearly defined controlled studies to assess these investigational products for safety, immunogenicity and efficacy before they are approved for licensure.  All clinical vaccine trials are bound by international ethical guidelines and, in the case of US trials, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations.

Good Clinical Practice is defined by the International Conferences on Harmonization (ICH) as: “A standard for the design, conduct, performance, monitoring, auditing, recording, analysis, and reporting of clinical trials that provides assurance that the data and reported results are credible and accurate, and that the rights, integrity and confidentiality of trial subjects are protected.”

Historically, vaccines have been our best weapon against the world’s deadliest infectious diseases, including smallpox, polio, measles, and yellow fever. Unfortunately, we do not have a vaccine for HIV. The virus has unique ways of evading the immune system, and the human body seems incapable of mounting an effective immune response against it. As a result, scientists do not have a clear picture of what is needed to provide protection against HIV.

Relevant Conferences:

12th Global Vaccines & Vaccination Summit and Expo, Oct 20-22, 2016, UAE; Vaccines conferences, June 16-18, 2016, Rome, Italy; 15th Annual Conference on  HIV Vaccines, December 08-09, 2016 Philadelphia, USA;  Annual Conference on H1N1 & Influenza Vaccines, July 25-26, 2016, USA; 11th Global Summit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, Sept 12-14, 2016, USA; 18th Bangkok International Symposium on HIV Medicine, Thailand; HIV Persistence: HIV Vaccines (X8), USA; American Conference for the Treatment of HIV, USA; The 20th International AIDS Conference, Australia; 2015 National HIV Prevention Conference, USA

Track 7: Unwanted effects of HIV Vaccines:

If you have HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) or AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), you should take special precautions against other infections, such as the flu. That's because you have a disease that makes it difficult for your immune system to fight them. Vaccines (immunizations) can help your body defend itself against infections. However, if you have HIV/AIDS immunizations may effect you differently than people who don't have HIV/AIDS.

Not all vaccines are safe for people with HIV/AIDS. Vaccines made from live viruses should be avoided because they may cause a mild case of the disease. Live vaccines are a weaker form of the germ that causes a particular disease. People with HIV/AIDS should receive vaccines made from inactivated diseases. Inactivated vaccines don't contain a living germ.

Vaccine Side Effects and HIV/AIDS:

Anyone, regardless of their HIV status, is at risk of side effects associated with vaccines, including:

• Pain, redness, or swelling at the place where you receive the shot
• Weakness
• Fatigue
• Nausea

However, if you have HIV/AIDS, vaccines carry additional risks including:

• Vaccines may increase your viral load
• Vaccines may not work as well if your CD4 count is very low. CD4 cells are a type of immune cell. It may help to take strong antiretroviral medications before having a vaccine if your CD4 count is low.
• Vaccines made from a live virus may cause you to get the disease the vaccine is supposed to prevent.

Relevant Conferences:

15th Annual Conference on  HIV Vaccines, December 08-09, 2016 Philadelphia, USA; Vaccines conferences, June 16-18, 2016, Rome, Italy; Annual Conference on H1N1 & Influenza Vaccines, July 25-26, 2016, USA; 12th Global Vaccines & Vaccination Summit and Expo, Oct 20-22, 2016, UAE; 11th Global Summit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, Sept 12-14, 2016, USA;  HIV Vaccines (X8), USA; HIV Persistence: Pathogenesis and Eradication (X7), USA; American Conference for the Treatment of HIV, USA; The 20th International AIDS Conference, Australia; 2015 National HIV Prevention Conference, USA

Track 8: Vaccine Administration:

The administration of antigenic material (a vaccine) to stimulate an individual's immune system to develop adaptive immunity to a pathogen. Vaccines can prevent or ameliorate morbidity from infection.

There are two basic types of vaccines: live attenuated and inactivated. The characteristics of live and inactivated vaccines are different, and these characteristics determine how the vaccine is used.

Live attenuated vaccines are produced by modifying a disease-producing (“wild”) virus or bacteria in a laboratory. The resulting vaccine organism retains the ability to replicate (grow) and produce immunity, but usually does not cause illness. Live attenuated vaccines include live viruses and live bacteria.

Inactivated vaccines can be composed of either whole viruses or bacteria, or fractions of either:

• Fractional vaccines are either protein-based or polysaccharide-based.
• Protein-based vaccines include toxoids (inactivated bacterial toxin), and subunit or subvirion products.
• Most polysaccharide-based vaccines are composed of pure cell-wall polysaccharides from bacteria.
• Conjugate polysaccharide vaccines are those in which the polysaccharide is chemically linked to a protein. This linkage makes the polysaccharide a more potent vaccine.

Relevant Conferences:

15th Annual Conference on  HIV Vaccines, December 08-09, 2016 Philadelphia, USA; Vaccines conferences, June 16-18, 2016, Rome, Italy; Annual Conference on H1N1 & Influenza Vaccines, July 25-26, 2016, USA; 12th Global Vaccines & Vaccination Summit and Expo, Oct 20-22, 2016, UAE; 11th Global Summit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, Sept 12-14, 2016, USA; The 20th International AIDS Conference, Australia; 2015 National HIV Prevention Conference, USA; 34th Annual Infectious Diseases Conference, USA; XXV International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop, USA; 23rd Conference on Retro-viruses and Opportunistic Infections, USA

Track 9: HIV Vaccines Research:

HIV is a very complex, highly changeable virus, which makes speedy development of successful preventive HIV vaccines very difficult, but not impossible.  It also takes many years to conduct the research, including the careful clinical testing that will lead to a safe and effective vaccine.

Researchers from around the world have been working for more than two decades to create a vaccine that will protect people against HIV infection. NIAID supports the HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN), an international collaboration of scientists and educators searching for an effective and safe HIV vaccine. The U.S. Military HIV Research Program (MHRP) is also engaged in HIV vaccine research and led a large collaboration of clinical scientists also funded by NIAID in implementing a vaccine clinical trial that showed for the first time that an HIV vaccine is possible.

Scientists are continuing to create and test HIV vaccines—in the lab, in animals, and even in human subjects. These vaccine trials help researchers to learn whether a vaccine will work and if it can be safely given to people.

Relevant Conferences:

15th Annual Conference on  HIV Vaccines, December 08-09, 2016 Philadelphia, USA; Vaccines conferences, June 16-18, 2016, Rome, Italy; Annual Conference on H1N1 & Influenza Vaccines, July 25-26, 2016, USA; 12th Global Vaccines & Vaccination Summit and Expo, Oct 20-22, 2016, UAE; 11th Global Summit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, Sept 12-14, 2016, USA; IV Persistence: Pathogenesis and Eradication, USA; American Conference for the Treatment of HIV, USA; 17th International Workshop on Clinical Pharmacology of HIV & Hepatitis Therapy, USA; 14th European Meeting on HIV & Hepatitis Treatment Strategies & Antiviral Drug Resistance- Treatment Strategies & Antiviral Drug Resistance, Italy